PYQ 1 - Learning Business Studies
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    VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 or 2 Marks)

    QUESTION 1:
    What is meant by management by people? (CBSE Board -2014)
    Or
    'Management is the process of getting things done.' State the meaning of the term 'process' used in this statement.                                                                                                 
      (CBSE Board -2016)
    Answer: Management of people is an art of getting things done through others. A manager tries to direct
    and motivate the individuals and tries to achieve individual needs along with organizational needs.

    QUESTION 2:
    The Activities involved in managing an enterprise are common to all organizations whether economic, social or political. Which characteristics of management is highlighted by this statement ?
    Or
    The management principles can be applied to all types of activities. Which type of characteristics is highlighted by this statement? 
    (CBSE Board -2008)
    Answer: Management is all pervasive: Management is common to all organisations whether economic, social or political. For e.g. management is applicable for a government company, school, private company or a NGO.

    QUESTION 3: What is meant by management?
    (CBSE Board -2011 )
    Answer: Management is an art of getting things done through others. Management can be defined as, the process of getting things done with the aim of achieving goals effectively and efficiently.

    QUESTION 4: In order to be successful an organization must change its goals according to the need of the environment. Which characteristic of management in highlighted in the statement?

    Answer: Management is dynamic function- It has to adapt itself to its changing external environment,
    which consists of various social, economic and political factors.

    QUESTION 5: 
    To meet the objectives of the firm the management of Angora Ltd. offer employment to physically challenged persons . Identity the organizational objective it is trying to achieve.

    Answer: Social objective - Is to provide quality products at reasonable rates and generating employment opportunities for disadvantaged sections of society. To provide basic amenities like schools and crèches to employees and by using environmental friendly methods of production.

    QUESTION 6: 
    “A collection of diverse individuals with different needs but working towards fulfilling the common organizational goals” this statement highlights which characteristic of management?

    Answer: Management is a group activity- All the individuals in the organisation contributes towards
    achieving the goals set by the organization.

    QUESTION 7:
     'Is Management concerned only with doing the right task, completing activities and achieving goals without taking into consideration the cost benefit’? Give reason in support of your answer?
    (CBSE Board- 2016)
    Answer: No, management is not only concerned with doing the right task, completing activities and
    achieving goals but it also takes into consideration the cost benefit. Efficient management minimizes the costs and increases the productivity through the optimum utilization of resources and minimum wastage.

    QUESTION 8: 
    List any two social objectives of management.
    (CBSE Board -2011, 2010)
    Answer: (a) By creating employment opportunities to the disadvantaged sections of the society
                   (b) To provide basic amenities like schools and crèches to employees

    QUESTION 9:
     “Management is considered to be a three-tier machinery”. Why?

    Answer: Because of the three levels in the management hierarchy-Top, Middle & operational.

    QUESTION 10: 
    How does co-ordination integrates group efforts? State Briefly.
    (CBSE Board-2015)
    Answer: Co-ordination integrates group efforts by unifying diverse interests thereby giving them  a common focus to ensure that the performance is according to the plans.

    QUESTION 11:
     How is entry to a profession restricted?

    Answer: The entry to a profession is restricted through an examination or through acquiring an
    educational degree.

    QUESTION 12:
    State any two points which prove that management is multi-dimensional?

    Answer: a) Management of work
    b) Management of people.

    QUESTION 13:
    An achievement of which organizational objectives results in “an increase in sales volume, increase in number of employees, no of products ,and increase in capital investment’

    Answer: Objective of growth

    QUESTION 14:
    A company’s target production is 5000 units in a year, to achieve this target the manager has to operate in double shifts due to power failure. The manager is able to meet the target but at a higher production cost. Is the manager efficient or effective?

    Answer: The manager of the company is effective but not efficient

    QUESTION 15:
    'Is Management concerned only with doing the right task, completing activities and achieving goals without taking into consideration the cost benefit?' Give reason in support of your answer.
    CBSE Board 2016
    Answer: No, management is not only concerned with doing the right task, completing activities and
    achieving goals but it also takes into consideration the cost benefit. It is one of the most important part of management, that it increases the efficiency which means management minimises the costs by increasing the productivity through the optimum utilisation of resources.


    SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 OR 4 MARKS)

    QUESTION 16:
    Explain the features of management that do not establish it as a profession.
    ( CBSE Board-2016)
    Answer: The features of management that do not establish it as a profession are as follows.
    Restriction to Entry: Management satisfies this criterion only to some extent. As against other professions such a doctor or a lawyer, no specific qualification or degree are required to be a manager. That is, any person holding any degree or qualification can be a manager. However, the entry is restricted as persons with professional management degree or diploma are preferred.
    Professional Association: All professions are affiliated to a professional association, which regulates entry and frames code of conduct relating to the profession. For example, to practice Chartered Accountant, a person has to be a member of the Institute of Chartered Accounts of India. Similarly, management is also affiliated to a professional association that regulates the functions of the members. In India, the AIMA (All India Management Association) for its member managers. However, it is not compulsory for managers to be a part of them. Code of Conduct: Any professional has to abide by the rules and regulations developed by the apex authority, which regulates the functions of that profession. There is a set Code of Conduct that a professional has to follow for smooth functioning. In management, also, we have a specific Code of Conduct but it is not obligatory for the managers to abide by them. Unlike other profession, the members violating the rules are not penalized.

    QUESTION 17:
    ABC ltd. is facing a lot of problem these days. The company’s profit margin is declining day-by-day. The production manager is blaming marketing management whereas marketing is blaming production department for not maintaining the quality. Finance department is blaming both. What quality of management do you think is lacking. Explain it briefly.

    Answer: The quality, which is lacking in the above case, is “co-ordination”. The manager is able to execute all the function but he is unable to co-ordinate with the other functional managers. Co-ordination is the essence of management and a functional department cannot function in isolation, coordination of all the departments are required to achieve organizational goals and targets.

    QUESTION 18:
    What is meant by 'Management'? Explain its any three features that establish it as an Art.

    Answer: Art refers to skillful and personal application of existing knowledge acquired through study,
    observation and experience. The features of art are as follows:
    • Existence of theoretical knowledge: In every art, Systematic and organized study material is available to acquire theoretical knowledge and experts in the respective fields apply these principles to their respective art forms.
    • Personalized application: The use of basic knowledge differs from person to person and thus, art is a very personalized concept.
    • Based on practice and creativity: Art involves creativity and practice of the experts. For e.g. the music created by musicians are different though the musical notes used are the same.
    • Every manager has his own unique style of managing things and people. He/she uses his creativity in applying management techniques and his skills improve with regular application. Since all the features of art are present in management. So it can called as an art.
    QUESTION 19:
    Ashutosh Goenka was working in 'Axe Ltd.', a company manufacturing air purifiers. He found that the profits had started declining from the last six months. Profit has an implication for the survival of the firm, so he analysed the business environment to find out the reasons for this decline.
    (a) Identify the level of management at which Ashutosh Goenka was working.
    (b) State three other function being performed by Ashutosh Goenka. 
    ( CBSE Board-2017)
    Answer: (a) Ashutosh Goenka was working at ‘top level management’.
    (b) The other functions performed by managerial staff employed at top level are enlisted below:
    Coordinates different activities of the organisation for the accomplishment of the common goals
    Works towards the survival of the organisation by analysing the business environment.
    Drafting of necessary plans and policies for increasing the profits of the company.

    QUESTION 20:
    Rishitosh Mukherjee has recently joined AMV Ltd, A company manufacturing refrigerators. He found that his department was under-staffed and other departments were not cooperating with his department for smooth functioning of the organisation. Therefore, he ensured that his department has the required number of employees and its cooperation with other departments in improved.
    (a)Identify the level at which Rishitosh Mukerjee was working.
    (b) Also, state three more functions required to be performed by Rishitosh Mukerjee at this level.
    (CBSE Board-2017)
    Answer: Rishitosh Mukherjee is working at Middle Level Management as he is the head of a department. The other functions performed by Rishitosh are: Acts as a link between the top management and the workers at the lower level Interpretation and implementation of policies and plans formulated by the top level management Assigns responsibilities to the workers and ensures proper working environment in their respective department.

    QUESTION 21:
    How is management all pervasive?

    Answer: Activities involved in management are applicable to every type of organisation whether
    economic, social, economic or political. For example, a cricket team needs to be managed as much as a club or a hospital. The activities of managers in India are similar to their activities in say U.K. or USA. Thus, it can be said that management is all-pervasive.

    QUESTION 22:
    ‘Management provides judgement and vision’. Explain?
    Answer: Management keeps adjusting to the complex and ever‐changing external environment. It helps in decision making. As it visualizes the future and the right course of action for same, sound decisions become possible. Thus, its foresight provides judgment and vision.

    QUESTION 23:
    Explain any four features of co-ordination.
    (CBSE BOARD 2016)
    Answer: Coordination is the essence of management. It unites the functioning and efforts of various
    employees for the achievement of the common goals and objectives of an organisation. It forms the link between the various functions of management. The following are the characteristics that highlight features of coordination.
         i. Group activity: Coordination is said to be a group activity as it integrates the efforts of various
            individuals for the achievement of common objectives. In other words, it unifies the collective            efforts of the employees for the achievement of set targets or goals.
         ii. Binding force: The main purpose of coordination is to unify the actions of individuals. It acts as
              a force that binds the various functions of management. It ensures that the people of an                        organisation work together towards the accomplishment of the organisational goals.
        iii. Continuous process: Coordination is a continuous process. It creates a channel between the                  functions of management. It ensures that work is being performed according to the planned                  targets.
    iv. All-pervasive function: Coordination is a pervasive function. That is, it is performed at all the levels of
    management. The managers of all departments at every level practice it in order to ensure unity of action.

    LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 OR 6 MARKS)

    QUESTION 24:
    A company manufacturing mobiles is facing the problem of decreasing sales in the market. You can imagine any product about which you are familiar. What decisions/ steps, each level of management should take to give effect to this decision?

     Answer: Modernization of product is needed to increase its market share. Hence to modernize the
    product each level should work as follows:
                  Top level management
    • Concentrate on research and development and add new features to their products or start a new
    product line.
    • Drafting sales targets, sales plan and sales incentive.
    • Increase marketing and promotional activities.
    • Coordinate all the functional departments activities.
    • To raise money from the market if there is any financial requirements.
                     Middle level management
    • Implementation of the plans formulated by the top level
    • Hiring candidates with required qualifications as the job position demands.
    • They should try to use available resources efficiently and should try to minimize the cost of
    product.
    • Continuously evaluate all activities and take corrective actions for any deviations and report the
    top level management
                      Lower/supervisory level
    • Interpretation of the plans and targets to the work force of the company.
    • Assign the task depending on the efficiency & qualification of employees.
    • Maintain the quality of work and reduce the wastage by efficient utilization of available resources.
    • Make efforts to improve the loyalty of workers and communicate the grievances and feedback to
    the managers.

     QUESTION 25 :
    Without effective management the resources will remain as resources cannot be converted into
    productive utilities. “do you agree” ? give reasons.
    OR
    “Success of an organization largely depends upon its management.” Explain any five reasons to justify the above statement.

     Answer: Success of an organization largely depends upon its management because of the following
    reasons:-
    • It helps in achieving organizational goals and plans
    • Increases efficiency and effectiveness of the individuals and other resources of an organisation.
    • Creates a dynamic organization structure.
    • Help in achieving individual objectives of employees along with the objectives of the organization.
    • Helps in the overall development of society by adhering to the norms of corporate social
    responsibility.

     QUESTION 26:
    Aman, Ahmad and Ally are partners in a firm engaged in the distribution of dairy products in
    Maharashtra state. Aman is a holder of Senior Secondary School Certificate from Central Board of Secondary Education with Business Studies as one of his elective subjects. Ahmad had done his post graduation in History and Ally in dairy farming. One day there was a serious discussion between Ahmad and Ally regarding the nature of management, Ahmad argued that management was a profession. Whereas Ally argued against it saying that the legal and medical profession are the only professions because they fulfill1 all the conditions of profession. Aman on the basis of his knowledge of business studies explained the nature of management as a profession to Ahmad and Ally. Explain, how Aman would have satisfied both Ahmad and Ally
    (CBSE Board 2015)
    Answer: Aman would have satisfied both Ahmed and Ally by explaining the following features of
    management as a profession.
    (i) Well-defined body of knowledge: All professions are based on a well-defined body of knowledge that
    can be acquired through instruction. Management is based on a systematic body of knowledge comprising
    well defined principles. This feature of profession is present in management.
    (ii) Restricted entry: The entry to the above stated profession is restricted through a prescribed
    qualification. However, there is no restriction on anyone being appointed as a manager in any business
    enterprise. Therefore, presently this feature of profession is not present in management.
    (iii) Professional association: Legal and medical professions are affiliated to a professional association like
    bar council and medical council which regulates entry, grants certificate of practice and formulates and
    enforces a code of conduct. There are several associations of managers in India. Like the AIMA that has
    laid down a code of conduct to regulate the activities of their members. There is, however, no compulsion
    for managers to be members of such an association. Therefore, presently this feature of profession is not
    present in management.
    (iv) Ethical code of conduct: Legal and medical professions are bound by a code of conduct which guides
    the behaviour of its members. AIMA has devised a code of conduct for Indian managers but there is no
    statutory backing for this code. Therefore, presently this feature of profession is not present in
    management.
    (v) Service motive: The motive of legal and medical profession is to serve their client’s interests by
    rendering dedicated and committed service. The basic purpose of management to help the organisation
    achieve its goals by providing good quality products at reasonable prices, thereby serving the society
    The above discussion shows that management does not satisfy all the criteria of a profession. Through the
    above discussion Aman would have been able to satisfy both Ahmed and Ally by making them understand
    that Management is a profession but not a full fledged or a true profession.
    Question 1:
    Ashutosh Goenka was working in ‘Axe Ltd.’, a company manufacturing air purifiers. He found that the profits has started declining from the last six months. Profit has an implication for the survival of the firm, so he analysed the business environment to find out the reasons for this decline.
    1.    Identify the level of management at which Ashutosh Goenka was working.
    2.    State three other functions being performed by Ashutosh Goenka.
    Answer:
    Ashutosh Goenka was working at top level of management. The three functions being performed by him at this level are outlined below:
    1.    He is responsible for formulating the overall organizational goals and strategies.
    2.    He is responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
    3.    He has to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of common goals.

    Question 2:
    Rishitosh Mukerjee has recently joined AMV Ltd, a company manufacturing refrigerators. He found that his department was under-staffed and other departments were not cooperating with his deparment for smooth functioning of the organisation. Therefore, he ensured that his department has the required number of employees and its cooperation with other deparments is improved.
    1.    Idenfity the level at which Rishitosh Mukerjee was working.
    2.    Also, state three more functions required to be performed by Rishitosh Mukerjee at
    this level.
    Answer:
    Rishitosh Mukerjee is working at middle level of the management. The three more functions that he has to perform at this level are stated below:
    1.    He has to assign duties and responsibilities to the people in his department.
    2.    He has to motivate the people in his department to achieve the desired objectives.
    3.    He has to interpret the policies framed by top management.

    Question 3:
    Sridhar’s father is working as a section in-charge in a government office. Identify the level of management at which he is working? State any five functions that he has to perform at this level.
    Answer:
    Sridhar’s father is working as a section in-charge in a government office. He is working at the lower level of management.
    He has to perform the following functions at this level of management:
    1.    He has to directly oversee the efforts of the workforce.
    2.    He has to serve as a link between the workers and middle level managers.
    3.    He has to ensure sufficient availability of resources and good quality of output.
    4.    He has to provide guidance and training to workers.
    5.    He has to ensure that good working conditions are provided to the workers.

    Question 4:
    Mega Ltd. manufactured water-heaters. In the first year of its operations, the revenue earned by the company was just sufficient to meet its costs. To increase the revenue, the company analysed the reasons behind the less revenues. After analysis, the company decided:
    1.    to reduce the labour costs by shifting the manufacturing unit to a backward area where labour was available at a very low rate.
    2.    to start manufacturing solar water-heaters and reduce the production of electric water- heaters slowly.
    This will not only help in covering the risks but also help in meeting other objectives.
    1.    Identify and explain the objectives of management discussed above.
    2.    State any two values which the company wanted to communicate to society.
    Answer:
    1.    The objectives of management discussed above are:
    ·         Organisational objectives: An organisation strives to achieve multiple organizational objectives in the interest of its stakeholders like owners, employees etc.The main organizational objectives are survival, profit and growth.
    ·         Social Objectives: It is the obligation of every organisation to undertake such activities which will benefit the society at large like using eco-friendly methods, contributing towards weaker sections of the society, generating employment opportunities, promoting literacy etc.
    2.    The two values that the company wanted to communicate to the society are:
    ·         Rural development
    ·         Environment sustainability

    Question 5:
    XYZ Power Ltd. set up a factory for manufacturing solar lanterns in a remote village as there was no reliable supply of electricity in rural areas. The revenue earned by the company was sufficient to cover the costs and the risks. As the demand of lanterns was increasing day- by-day, the company decided to increase production to generate higher sales. For this/they decided to employ people from a nearby village as very few job opportunities were available in that area. The company also decided to open schools and creches for the children of its employees.
    1.    Identify and explain the objectives of management discussed above.
    2.    State any two values which the company wanted to communicate to the society.
    Answer:
    1.    The objectives of management discussed above are:
    ·          Organisational objectives: An organisation strives to achieve multiple organizational objectives in the interest of its stakeholders like owners, employees etc. The main organisational objectives are survival, profit and growth.
    ·         Social Objectives: It is the obligation of every organisation to undertake such activities which will benefit the society at large like using eco-friendly methods, contributing towards weaker sections of the society, generating employment opportunities, promoting literacy etc.
    2.    The two values that the company wanted to communicate to the society are:
    ·         Rural development
    ·         Promoting literacy

    Question 6:
    Your grandfather has retired as the Director of a manufacturing company. At what level of management was he working? What functions do you think he was performing at that level? State any two,
    Answer::
    Since he has retired from the post of Director of a manufacturing company, he was working at the top level of management.
    The main functions that he was performing at this level are outlined below:
    1.    He was responsible for the success and failure of the organization.
    2.    He was responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
    3.    He had to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of common goals.
    Question 7:
    Ritu is the manager of the northern division of a large corporate house. At what level does she work in the organisation? What are her basic functions?
    OR
    Your grandfather has retired from an organisation in which he was responsible for implementing the plans developed by the top management. At which level of management was he working? State one more function performed at this level.
    OR
    Deepak’s father has retired as a purchase manager of a company. At what level of management was he working? What function do you think he was performing at that level of management?
    OR
    Dheeraj is working as an Operations Manager in Tifco Ltd. Name the managerial level at which he is working. State any four functions he will perform as the Operations Manager in this company.
    OR
    Rajat is working as a Regional Manager in Tifco Ltd. Name the level at which he is working. State any four functions he will perform as the Regional Manager in this company.
    Answer::
    Ritu / grandfather / Deepak’s father / Deeraj / Rajat, all of them are working at the middle level of management.
    The four functions that he will have to perform at this level are stated below:
    1.    He has to ensure that his department has the necessary staff.
    2.    He has to assign duties and responsibilities to the people in his department.
    3.    He has to motivate the people in his department to achieve the desired objectives.
    4.    He has to co-operate with the other departments for ensuring smooth functioning of the organization.

    Question 8:
    Vaibhav Garments Ltd/s target is to produce 10,000 shirts per month at a cost of ?150 per shirt. The production manager could achieve this target at the cost of ?160 per shirt. Do you think the production manager is effective? Give reasons for your answer.
    Answer:
    Yes, the production manager of Vaibhav Garments Ltd. is effective as he could achieve the target to produce 10,000 shirts in a month.
    Question 9:
    Mr. Nitin Singhania’s father has a good business of iron and steel. He wants to go to the USA for his MBA but his father thinks that he should join the business. On the basis of emerging- trends, do you think that Mr. Singhania should send his son to the USA? Give any three reasons in support of your answer.
    Answer:
    Yes, according to me, Mr. Singhania should send his son to USA for his MBA because management is being recognised as a profession to a great extent because of the following reasons:
    1.    Well defined body of knowledge: Management is considered to be a well-defined body of knowledge that can be acquired through instructions. As a separate discipline, it contains a set of theories and principles formulated by various management experts. Moreover, it is taught in various schools and colleges all over the world.
    2.    Ethical code of conduct: Management, in practice, like other professions, is bound by a code of conduct which guides the behaviour of its members. Therefore, acquiring a degree in management will equip him with the good managerial,, skills and approach.
    3.    Service motive: A good management course will provide him an insight into the multiple goals that an organisation should pursue. This knowledge will help him to serve both the objectives of profit maximization and social welfare effectively for his company.

    ADDITIONAL
    Question 1:
    Jayant is working as Head Relationship Manager in the wealth management division of a private sector bank. He has created an internal environment which is conducive to an effective and efficient performance of his team of ten relationship management executive” A typical day at work in Jay ant’s life consists of a series of interrelated and continue functions. He decides the targets for his department which are in line with the objectives of the organization as a whole. The future course of action for his team members is laid out well in advance. The various resources required by the relationship managers like an iPad with GPS system, account opening forms, brochures, details of account holders etc. are made readily available to them. The executives are given sufficient authority to carry out the work assigned to them. Jayant works in close coordination with the Human Resource Manager in order to ensure that he is able to create and maintain a satisfactory and satisfied workforce in his department.Through constant guidance and motivation, Jayant inspires them to realise their full potential. He offers them various types of incentives from time to time keeping in view their diverse individual needs.Moreover, he keeps a close watch on their individual performances in order to ensure that they are in accordance with the standards set and takes corrective actions whenever needed.
    In context of the above case:
    1.    Identify the concept being referred to in the following line, “He has created an internal environment which is conducive to an effective and efficient performance of his team of ten relationship management executives.”
    2.    Identify and describe the various functions of the concept as identified in part (a) of the question by quoting lines from the paragraph.
    Answer:
    1.    The concept of management is being referred to in the following line, “He has created an internal environment which is conducive to an effective and efficient performance of his team of ten relationship management executives.”
    2.    The various functions of the management concept mentioned in the above paragraph are listed below:
    ·         Planning: It is the function of determining in advance what is to be done and who is to do it.
    “He decides the targets for his department which are in line with the objectives of the organization as a whole. The future course of actions for the team members are laid out well in advance.”
    ·         Organising: Organising is the process of bringing together human, physical and financial resources and establishing productive relations among them for the purpose of achieving the desired goals efficiently and effectively.
    “The various resources required by the relationship managers like an iPad with GPS system, account opening forms, brochures, details of account holders etc. are made readily available to them. The executives are given sufficient authority to carry out the work assigned to them.”
    ·         Staffing: The managerial function of staffing involves manning the organisational structure in order to fill in the roles designed into the structure.
    “Jayant works in close coordination with the human resource manager in order to ensure that he is able to create and maintain a satisfactory and satisfied workforce in his department.”
    ·         Directing: Directing involves leading, influencing and motivating employees to
    perform the tasks assigned to them.
    “Through constant guidance and motivation, Jayant inspires them to realise their full potential. He offers them various types of incentives from time to time keeping in view their diverse individual needs.”
    3.    Controlling: Controlling is the management function of ensuring that events conform to plans.”Moreover, he keeps a close watch on their individual performances in order to ensure that they are in accordance with the standards set and takes corrective actions whenever needed.”

    Question 2:
    Sooraj works as a salesman in a company selling pet accessories and food. He has been given a target of selling 1200 units of the food packets in a month by offering a maximum of 10% discount to his customers. In order to meet his monthly sales target, on the last two days of the month, he offers 15% discount to his customers.
    In the context of the above case:
    Is Sooraj effective in his work? Explain by giving a suitable reason in support of your answer.
    Answer:
    Yes, Sooraj is effective in his work as he has been able to meet his monthly sales target of selling 1200 units of the food packets.

    Question 3:
    Sujata works as a designer in an export house. As per the terms of an order received by the export house, she has to get 1000 units of denim jackets made in 15 days @ ? 2000 per jacket. She is able to complete her target production in 20 days because in order to complete the order in 15 days she would have made the workers work over time. As a result, the cost of production per jacket may have increased by ? 100.
    In the context of the above case:
    Is Sujata efficient in her work? Explain by giving a suitable reason in support of your answer.
    Answer:
    Yes, Sujata is efficient in her work as she has been able to get 1000 units of denim jackets made @ ? 2000 per jacket.

    Question 4:
    Anju and Manju are good friends. Considering the fact that the activities involved in managing an enterprise are common to all organizations, after completing their masters in business management, both of them take up a job at managerial level in different organizations as per their individual areas of interest. Anju takes up a marketing job in a retail company and strives to increase sales whereas Manju joins an NGO and works diligently to realize its objective related to providing employment to specially abled persons. Both of them have to perform a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. On some days, Anju may spend more time in planning a future display layout and on another day, she may spend time in sorting out an employee’s problem. Both Anju and Manju make conscious efforts to build a feeling of team spirit and coordination among diverse individuals with different needs who work under them. The effect of their management is noticeable in their respective departments as the targets are met according to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness in its functioning rather than chaos.
    In context of the above case:
    Identify the various features of management highlighted in the above paragraph by quoting lines from it.
    Answer:
    The various features of management highlighted in the above paragraph are stated below:
    1.    Management is all pervasive: “Considering the fact that the activities involved in managing an enterprise are common to all organizations, after completing their masters in business management, both of them take up a job at managerial level in different organizations as per their individual areas of interest.”
    2.    Management is a goal-oriented process: “Anju takes up a marketing job in a retail company and strives to increase sales whereas Manju joins an NGO and works diligently to realize its objective related to providing employment to specially abled persons.”
    3.    Management is a continuous process: “Both of them have to perform a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. Like on some days, Anju may spend more time in planning a future display layout and on another day, she may spend time in sorting out an employee’s problem.”
    4.    Management is a group activity: “Both Anju and Manju make conscious efforts to build a feeling of team spirit and coordination among diverse individuals with different needs who work under them.”
    5.    Management is an intangible force: “The effect of their management is noticeable in their respective departments as the targets are met according to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness in its functioning rather than chaos.”

    Question 5:
    Real Alliance Ltd. is a well-known cement company in India. It is able to earn adequate revenues to cover costs. Its capital base, number of employees and production turnover has increased manifolds over the years. The rate of profitability of the business is also creditable. The employees of the company are happy and satisfied with their remuneration, working conditions, promotion policy etc. As a part of its moral obligation, the company has taken many initiatives for providing employment to specially abled persons and promoting literacy in the villages adopted by it.
    In the context of the above case:
    1.    Identify and explain the various types of objectives of management being fulfilled by Real Alliance Ltd by quoting lines from the paragraph.
    2.    List any two values that Real Alliance Ltd. wants to communicate to the society.
    Answer:
    The various objectives of management being fulfilled by Real Alliance Ltd are stated below:
    1.    Organisational objectives: An organization strives to achieve multiple organisational objectives, mainly:
    ·         Survival: “It is able to earn adequate revenues to cover costs.”
    ·         Growth: “Its capital base, number of employees and production turnover has
    increased manifolds over the years.”
    ·         Profit: “The rate of profitability of the business is also creditable.”
    2.    Personal objectives: These objectives relate to the needs of the employees of the organization which must be given due consideration.
    “The employees of the company are happy and satisfied with their remuneration, working conditions, promotion policy etc.”
    3.    Social objectives: It is expected that every organization should undertake certain initiatives for the welfare of the society at large.
    “As a part of its moral obligation, the company has taken many initiatives for providing employment to specially abled persons and promoting literacy in the villages adopted by it.”
    4.    The two value that Real Alliance Ltd. wants to communicate to the society are:
    ·         Social welfare
    ·         Respect for their employees

    Question 6:
    Esha works as the cost and risk management head of a company in power sector. As a result of her excellent managerial competence, the company is able to reduce costs and increase productivity. The company belongs to infrastructure sector, wherein regular amendments are made in the government regulations and policies. She holds regular meetings to ensure that people in her department are not only aware of the related changes but are also able to adapt to these changes effectively. This helps the company to maintain its competitive edge. She motivates and leads her team in such a manner that individual members are able to achieve personal goals while contributing to the overall organisational objective. In the process of fulfilling her duties for the growth of the organisation, she helps in providing competitive services, adopting new technology, creating more employment opportunities etc. for the greater good of the people at large.
    In context of the above case:
    Identify the various reasons that have made management so important by quoting lines from the paragraph.
    Answer:
    The various reasons mentioned in the above paragraph that have made management so important are stated below:
    1.    Management increases efficiency as it leads to reduction in costs due to optimum utilisation of resources.
    “As a result of her excellent managerial competence the company is able to reduce costs and increase productivity.”
    2.    Management creates a dynamic organisation so that it is able to incorporate the corresponding changes in its working with any change in its business environment.
    “The company belongs to infrastructure sector, wherein regular amendments are made in the government regulations and policies. She holds regular meetings to ensure that people in her department are not only aware of the related changes but are also able to adapt to these changes effectively. This helps the company to maintain its competitive edge.”
    3.    Management helps in achieving personal objectives of the employees in the organisation.
    “She motivates and leads her team in such a manner that individual members are able to achieve personal goals while contributing to the overall organisational objective.”
    “The employees of the company are happy and satisfied with their remuneration, working conditions, promotion policy etc.”
    4.    Management helps in the development of society by contributing effectively towards it in multiple ways.”In the process of fulfilling her duties for the growth of the organization, she helps in providing competitive services, adopting new technology, creating more employment opportunities etc. for the greater good of the people at large.”

    Question 7:
    Ramarjuna joins an IT firm as a system analyst after completing his masters in Computer Science. As the nature of his work demands he has to work in very close coordination with all the departmental heads in the firm, very soon Ramarjuna realizes that each departmental head has own individual style of working. They differ greatly in their day-to-day approach to work. They tend to deal with a given situation, an issue or a problem through a combination of their own experience, creativity, imagination, initiative and innovation.
    In the context of the above case:
    Identify and explain the nature of management highlighted in the above case.
    Answer:
    In the above case, management is being considered as an art.
    Art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results. The evaluation of management as an art is given below:
    1.    Existence of theoretical knowledge: Art presupposes the existence of certain knowledge. Management fulfills this criterion as there exist a number of theories and principles on management which have been formulated by various management experts.
    2.    Personalised applications: Art is a personalised concept. Management fulfills this criterion as a good manager works through a combination of his own experience, creativity, imagination, initiative and innovation to carry out the assigned work.
    3.    Based on practice and creativity: All art is practical. Management fulfills this criterion as a person becomes a better manager with constant practice and experience. This also leads to emergence of different styles of management.
    S.No
    Features of Art
    Evaluation of Management as an Art
    1.
    Existence of theoretical knowledge
    Fulfills this criterion
    2.
    Personalized applications
    Fulfills this criterion
    3.
    Based on practice and creativity
    Fulfills this criterion

    Question 8:
    Dharam is a well-known businessman in the field of publishing. He owes the success of his business to his own education in business management and his team of certified management consultants. Therefore, he decides to send both his children Danush and Damini abroad to acquire a degree in business management in their individual area of expertise. He feels that all over the world there is marked growth in management as a discipline, but still it is not considered to be a full-fledged profession for certain reasons.
    In the context of the above case:
    1.    Explain the reasons because of which Dharam considers management as a discipline.
    2.    Critically examine the various reasons because of which management is not considered to be a full-fledged profession.
    Answer:
    1.    Dharam considers management as a discipline because there exist a number of theories and principles on management which have been formulated by various management experts. It is taught in various schools and colleges, all over the world, as a separate subject of study.
    2.    Management is not considered to be a full-fledged profession because of the following reasons:
    ·         Restricted entry. Unlike management, the entry to the other professions is restricted through an examination or eligibility criteria like specific percentage in a particular degree or diploma. However, management as profession does not fulfill this criterion as anyone can be called a manager regardless of his/her academic qualifications.
    ·         Professional association: Unlike managers, all working professionals have to be a member of an affiliated professional association which regulates their entry, grants certificate of practice and formulates and enforces code of conduct. For example,the practicing lawyers have to be a member of Bar Council of India, the practicing doctors should have membership of All India Medical Association etc. However, in case of management, although there exist several management associations like the AIMA (All India Management Association), neither does it have any statutory backing nor is it mandatory for the practicing managers to a member of such associations.

    Question 9:
    Kartik joins a garment factory as a plant supervisor in Lucknow. He observes that the output of some workers is very low as compared to the standards set for their performance. On analyzing the reasons for the same, he finds out that a lot of time of the workers is wasted in getting the requisite materials issued from the store. Whereas on asking, the store keeper complains that there is no harmony in the working of the production department as a whole. Everyday the workers approach him at the last minute to procure different kinds of threads, laces, mirrors, buttons etc. If it is not available in the store then he has to place an order with the purchase officer. As a result, a lot of time of the workers is wasted. So, in order to integrate the various production activities, henceforth, Kartik ensures,that the store keeper is informed well three days in advance about the requisite material. Consequently, the store keeper is able to keep the materials ready for the workers every morning in accordance with their requirements.
    In context of the above case:
    1.    Identify and explain the quality of management that Kartik has introduced in the working of the production department as a corrective measure to control the output of the workers.
    2.    State briefly any two points highlighting the importance of quality of management identified in part (a).
    Answer:
    1.    Coordination is the quality of management that Kartik has introduced in the working of the production department as a corrective measure to control the output of the workers.
    Coordination is the process which helps to integrate the efforts of different individuals with diverse needs to secure a unity of action in the pursuit of common goals.
    2.    The two points highlighting the importance of coordination are stated below:
    ·         Growth in the size: With the growth in the size of an organisation, there is a proportionate increase in the number of its employees. So there is a greater need to unify the efforts of diverse individuals towards the realisation of organisational goals.
    ·         Functional differentiation: As a result of functional differentiation in an organization, its people and activities get divided into small departments on the basis of functions like marketing, finance etc. Since each such department tends to formulate its own objectives, policies etc., there is a need to reconcile the goals pursued by each of such departments with the goals of the organization as a whole.

    Question 10:
    Geetika is working in a private sector bank. One of her key function relates to the formulation of the overall organisational goals and strategies of the bank. Identify the level of management at which she is working? State any three other functions that she has to perform at this level.
    Answer:
    Geetika is working at the top level of management in the private sector bank. The three other functions that she has to perform at this level are outlined below:
    1.    She is responsible for the success and failure of the organisation.
    2.    She is responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
    3.    She has to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of common goals.

    Question 11:
    Arundhati has been promoted to the post of Marketing Division Head of a soft drink company. Identify the level of management at which she will be working henceforth. State any four functions that she will have to perform at this level.
    Answer:
    Henceforth, Arundhati will be working at middle level of management.
    The four functions that she will have to perform at this level are stated below:
    1.    She has to ensure that her department has the necessary staff.
    2.    She has to assign duties and responsibilities to the people in her department.
    3.    She has to motivate the people in her department to achieve the desired objectives.
    4.    She has to co-operate with the other departments for ensuring smooth functioning of the organization.

    Question 12:
    Ajay and Sanjay are childhood friends. Sanjay had lost his right hand in an accident in childhood. They meet after a long time in a restaurant. On being asked, Sanjay tells Ajay that he feels very discontented in managing his family business after the death of his father as it doesn’t match with his areas of interest. Ajay knows that Sanjay possess extraordinary skills in management although he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in management.
    Therefore, he asks Sanjay to wind up his business in India and join him in his hotel business in Dubai as an Assistant Manager in Sales and Marketing Division.
    In context of the above case:
    1.    Can Sanjay be deployed at the post of Assistant Manager in Sales and Marketing Division though he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in management? Explain by giving suitable justifications in support of your answer.
    2.    List any two values that are reflected in this act of Ajay.
    Answer:
    1.    Yes, Sanjay can be deployed at the post of Assistant Manager in Sales and Marketing Division although he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in management as management is not considered to be a full-fledged profession because of the following reasons:
    ·         Restricted entry: Unlike management, the entry to the other professions is restricted through an examination or eligibility criteria like specific percentage in a particular degree or diploma. However, management as a profession does not fulfill this criteria as anyone can be called a manager regardless of his/her academic qualifications.
    ·         Professional association: Unlike managers, all working professionals have to be a member of an affiliated professional association which regulates their entry, grants certificate of practice and formulates and enforces code of conduct. For example, the practicing lawyers have to be a member of Bar Council of India, the practicing doctors should have membership of All India Medical Association etc. However, in case of management, although there exist several management association like the AIMA (All India Management Association), neither does it have any statutory backing nor is it mandatory for the practicing managers to a member of such associations.
    2.    The two values that are reflected in this act of Ajay are:
    ·         Compassion
    ·         Responsibility.


    Q. 1. Dheerj is working as ‘Operations Manager’ in Tifco Ltd. Name the managerial level at
    which he is working. State any four functions he will perform as ‘Operations Manager’ in this
    company. (5 marks)

    Ans. Dheeraj is working at middle level management.
    Functions: The main task of Dheeraj is to carry out the plans formulated by the top
    managers. For this he need to:
    1. Interest the policies framed by top management,
    2. Ensure that his department has the necessary personnel, assign necessary duties
    and responsibilities to them.
    3. Motivate them for higher productivity to achieve desired objectives, and
    4. Cooperate with other departments for smooth functioning of the organization.
    Q. 2. Volvo Ltd’s target is to produce 10000 shirts per month at a cost of Rs. 100/- per shirt.
    The Production Manager achieved this target at a cost of Rs. 90/- per shirt. Do you think the
    ‘Production Manager’ is effective? Give one reason in support of your answer. (1 mark)
    Ans. Yes, the Prodcution Manager is effective because he has completed the task and
    achieved the goal of producing 10000 shirts. He is efficient also as he has achieved the
    target at a lower cost.

    Q. 3. Yash Ltd. is facing a lot of problems these days. It manufactures electronic goods like
    washing machines, microwave ovens, refrigeration and air-conditioners. The company’s
    margins are under pressure and the profits and market marketing department blames
    production department for producing goods, which are not of good quality to meet
    customers’ expectations. The finance department blames both production and marketing
    departments for declining return on investment and bad marketing.
    1. What quality of management do you think the company is lacking? Justify your
    answer.
    2. State the importance of the concept identified in (a).
    (5 marks)

    Ans.
    1. Coordination: because production, marketing and finance departmental efforts are
    not coordinated for achieving organizational objectives harmoniously. As a result, the
    company’s profits and market share are declining.
    2. Importance of Coordination
    1. Growth in size:
    2. Functional differentiation:
    3. Specialization:

    Q. 4. Aman, Ahmad and Ally are partners in a firm engaged in the distribution of dairy
    products in Maharashtra state. Aman is a holder of Senior Secondary School Certificate
    from Central Board of Secondary Education with Business Studies as one of his elective
    subjects. Ahmad had done his post graduation in History and Ally in dairy farming. One day
    there was a serious discussion between Ahmad and Ally regarding the nature of
    management. Ahmad argued that management was a profession whereas Ally argued
    against it saying that the legal and medical professions are the only professions because
    they fulfill all the conditions of profession.
    Aman on the basis of his knowledge of business studies explained the nature of
    management as a profession to Ahmad and Ally.
    Explain, how Aman would have satisfied both Ahmad and Ally. (6 marks)

    Ans. Aman would have satisfied both Ahmad and Ally by giving the following explanation:
    Management is a profession. However, it is not a full-fledged profession like legal,
    accounting or medical professions because it does not meet the exact criteria of a
    profession.
    The application of the features of a profession to management is examined below:
    1. Ell-defined body of knowledge:
    2. Restricted Entry:
    3. Professional Association:
    4. Ethical code of conduct:
    5. Service motive:

    Q. 5. To meet the objectives of the firm, the management of Bhavya Ltd. offers employment
    to physically challenged persons. Identify the organizational objective it is trying to achieve.
    Give reason in support of your answer. (1
    mark)

    Ans. Growth, since number of employees is increasing, it leads to increase in production
    and hence growth of the company.

    Q. 6. B Ltd. wants to modify its existing product, CD players in the market due to decreasing
    sales. What decisions/steps should each level of management take to give effort to this
    decisions? (6 marks)

    Ans. The company wants to modify its existing product, CD players in the market because of
    today’s dynamic business environment. For this, each level of management must divide its
    task.
    Functions of top management:
    1. They must plan the technique of modification/modernization of the product. They
    may plan to manufacture DVD players or Blue raw players, etc. to modernize the
    product.
    2. They must organize and assemble necessary resources and coordinate the efforts of
    all the departments towards modernization.
    Functions of middle management:
    1. They must implement the plans laid down by top management in their respective
    departments or divisions.
    2. They must interpret the plan and policies to their subordinates.
    Functions of operational/supervisory management:
    1. They must assign the tasks to workforce and supervise that the task is carried on in
    the right direction.
    2. They must maintain the quality of work and r educe the wastage by improving the
    motivation and loyalty of workers.

    Q. 7. Sonali is the manager of a large company manufacturing garments for kids. She plans
    her winter collection in the month of August itself. Then, she ensures that there is adequate
    workforce. She continuously monitors whether production is proceeding according to plans.
    She asks the marketing department to prepare their promotional and advertising campaigns
    also.
    1. Identify and explain the concept of management explained in the above para.
    2. What characteristic feature does the above para highlight? State. (5 marks)

    Ans.
    1. Coordination
    It is the force that binds all the functions of management.It is the common thread that runs
    through all activities such as purchase, production, sales, finance, etc. to ensure continuity
    in the working of the organization.
    Coordination is not a separate function of management.It is the essence of management.It
    is implicit and inherent in all functions of management.
    ● Top management plans for the entire organization.
    ● According to these plans, the organizational structure is developed and staffed.
    ● In order to ensure that these plans are executed according to plans, directing is
    requires.
    ● Any deviation between the actual and the standard performance is corrected at the
    stage of controlling.
    1. Coordination is a continuous process. It begins at the planning stage and continues
    till controlling.

    Q. 8. H. Tech Ltd. is a company producing IT services. The company’s profits are enough
    for the survival and growth. The management of the company believes that a satisfied
    employee creates a satisfied customer, who in turn creates profits that lead to satisfied
    shareholders. So, it pays competitive salaries and perks to its all employees. All the
    employees are happy working in the organization because of personal growth and
    development.
    The company has a strong sense of social responsibility. It has set up an engineering
    college in which one-third of the students are girls to whom the company gives 50%
    scholarship.
    Is the management of H. Tech Ltd. fulfilling its objectives? Justify your answer by giving
    reasons. (6 marks)

    Ans. Yes, the management of H. Tech Ltd. is fulfilling all the objectives – organizational
    objectives, social objectives and personal objectives.
    1. Organizational objectives
    2. Social objectives
    3. Personal objectives

    Q. 9. Govinda Ltd. is a highly reputed company. Different functions are performed by
    different individuals in this company, who are bound together in a hierarchy of relationships.
    Every individual in the hierarchy is responsible for successful completion of a particular task.
    Mr. Gauranga is responsible for the welfare and survival of the organization. He formulates
    overall organizational goals and strategies for their achievement. MR. Nityanand ensures
    that quality of output is maintained, wastage of materials is minimized and safety standards
    are maintained. Mr. Sanatan assigns necessary duties and responsibilities to the personnel
    and motivates them to achieve desired objectives
    At what levels of management are MR. Gauranga, Mr. Nityanand and Mr. Sanatan working
    in Govinda Ltd.? justify your answer.
    (3 marks)

    Ans.
    1. Mr. Gauranga is working at the top level management.
    He is responsible for the welfare and survival of the organization.He formulates overall
    organizational goals and strategies for their achievement.
    1. Mr. Nityanand is working at the lower level management.
    He ensures that quality of output is maintained, wastage of materials is minimized and
    safety standards are maintained.
    Mr. Sanatan is working at the middle level management.
    He assigns necessary duties and responsibilities to the personnel and motivates them to
    achieve desired iobjectives.

    Q. 10. The management of Vrinda Ltd. strongly believes that the members of an
    organization should work towards fulfilling the common organizational goals. This requires
    team work and integration of efforts of all individuals, departments and specialists. This is
    because all the individuals and departments depend on each other for information and
    resources to perform their respective activities. Managers need to reconcile differences in
    approach, timing, effort or interest. At the same time it should enable all its members to
    grow and develop. Thus, there is a need to harmonize individual goals and organizational
    goals.
    1. Identify the concept of management discussed above.
    2. State any three features of the concept identified in (a).
    3. Identify and explain the characteristic of management which is reflected from the
    above para. (6 marks)

    Ans.
    1. Coordination
    2. Features of coordination:
    1. Coordination integrates group efforts by unifying diverse interest.
    2. Coordination ensures unity of action by acting as a binding force between
    departments.
    3. Coordination is a continuous process as it begins at planning stage and continues till
    controlling.
    1. Management is a group activity.
    An organization is a group of different individuals who work together with team spirit and
    coordination to achieve the goals of the organization.

    Q. 11. Sanjana is the branch manager of ABC Handicrafts Pvt. The company’s objective is
    to promote the sales of Indian handloom and handicraft products. Its sells fabrics,
    furnishings, ready-mades and household items are made out of traditional Indian fabrics.
    Sanjana decides quantities, variety, colour and texture of all the above items and then
    allocates resources for their purchase form different suppliers. She appoints a team of
    designers and crafts people in the company, who developed some prints for bed covers in
    bright colour on silk. Although they looked very impressive, they were more expensive than
    they had planned to sell. Average customer could not afford to buy it. Praising their effort,
    Sanjaja suggested that they should keep the silk bed covers for special occasions like Diwali
    and Christmas and offer the cotton bed covers on a regular basis to keep costs under
    control.
    Identify the functions of management which Sanjaja performs by quoting the lines the above
    para. (5
    marks)

    Ans.
    1. Planning: ‘Sanjana decides quantities, variety, colour and texture of all the above
    items…’
    2. Organizing:’…allocates resources for their purchase form different suppliers.’
    3. Staffing: ‘She appoints a team of designers and crafts people in the company…’
    4. Directing: ‘Praising their effort, Sanjana suggested that they should keep the silk bed
    covers for special occasions like Diwali and christman…’
    5. Controlling: ‘…offer the cotton bed covers on a regular basis to keep costs under
    control.’
    ‘…they were more expensive than they had planned to sell.’

    Q. 12. XYZ Power Ltd. set up a factory for manufacturing solar lanterns in a remote village
    as there was no reliable supply of electricity in rural areas. The revenue earned by the
    company was sufficient to cover the costs and the risks. The demand of lanterns was
    increasing day by day, so the company decided to increase production to generate higher
    sales. For this they decided to employ people from the nearby villages as very few job
    opportunities were available in that area. The company also decided to open schools and
    crèches for the children of its employees.
    1. Identify and explain the objectives of management discussed above.
    2. The company is fulfilling the organizational and social objectives of management.
    (4 marks)

    Ans.
    1. The company is fulfilling the organizational and social objectives of management.
    Organizational objectives include survival, profit and growth.
    ● In order to survive, XYZ Power Ltd. earns enough revenues.
    ● Company’s profits are sufficient to the cover the costs and the risks.
    ● Since demand for lanterns was increasing day by day and so the company decided to
    increase production to generate higher sales, it implies that the company exploits fully
    its growth potential.
    Social objectives involve the creation of benefits for the society.
    The company decided to employ people from the nearby villages as very few job
    opportunities were available in that area.It also decided to open schools and crèches for the
    children of its employees.’
    1. Values:
    ● Providing employment opportunities in rural areas
    ● Concern for the environment
    ● Socially responsible behaviour
    ● Community development by opening schools and crèches for children (any two)

    Q. 13. Nishtha is the marketing manager of a company selling laptops. She plans the target
    sale of 2000 laptops per month. She allocates necessary resources to carry out the plan.
    She has six salesmen working under her. She works with them, guiding and motivating
    them to achieve the target sales. At the end of the month, after comparison of actual sales
    with the target sales she found that actual sales exceeded the target sales. She rewards the
    efficient employees to motivate them.
    1. How does Nishtha prove the importance of management? Explain.
    2. Also state any two values which she wants to communicate to the society by her
    behavior.
    (5 marks)

    Ans.
    1. The marketing manager, Nishtha helps in:
    1. Achieving the group goals by giving a common direction to the individual effort of her
    subordinates in achieving the target sale of 2000 laptops in a month.
    2. Increasing efficiency of employees by rewarding them.
    ● She performs all the functions of management.
    ● She plans the target sale of 2000 laptops per months’ – Planning
    ● She allocates necessary resources to carry out the plan’ – Organizing
    ● She works with them, guiding and motivating them to achieve the target sales’ –
    Directing
    ● At the end of the month, after comparison of actual sales with the target sales she
    found than actual sales exceeded the target sales’ - Controlling
    1. Values:
    ● Sense of achievement
    ● Loyalty
    ● Belongingness (any two)

    Q. 14. Sooraj works as a salesman in a company selling pet accessories and food. He has
    been given a target of selling 1200 units of the food packets in a month by offering a
    maximum of 10% discount to his customers. In order to meet his monthly sales target, on
    the last two days of the months, he offers 15% discount to his customers.
    In the context of the above case:
    Is Sooraj effective in his work? Explain by giving a suitable reason in support of your
    answer.

    Ans. Yes, Sooraj is effective in his work as he has been able to meet his monthly sales
    target of selling 1200 units of the food packets.

    Q. 15. Sujata works as a designer in n export house. As per the terms of an order received
    by the export house, she has to get 100 units of denim jackets made in 15 days @ Rs. 2000
    per jacket. She is able to complete her target production in 20 days because in order to
    complete ithe order in 15 days she would have made the workers work over time. As a
    result, the cost of production per jacket may have increased by Rs. 100.
    In the context of the above case:
    Is Sujata efficient in her work? Explain by giving a suitable reason in support of your
    answer.

    Ans. Yes, Sujata is efficient in her work as she has been able to get 1000 units of denim
    jackets made @ Rs. 2000 per jacket.

    Q. 16. Anju and Manju are good friends. Considering the cast that the activities involved in
    managing an enterprise are common to all organizations, after completing their masters in
    business management, both of them take up a job at managerial level in different
    organizations as per their individual areas of interest. Anju tales up a marketing job in a
    retail company and strives to increase sales where as Manju joins an NGO and works
    diligently to realize its objective related to providing employment to specially abled persons.
    Both of them have to perform a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. On
    some days, Anju may spend more time in planning a future display layout and on another
    day, she may spend time in sorting out an employee’s problem. Both Anju and Manju make
    conscious efforts to build a feeling of team spirit and coordination among diverse individuals
    with different needs who work under them. The effect of their management is noticeable in
    their respective departments as the targets are met according to plans, employees are
    happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness in its functioning rather than chaos.
    In context of the above case:
    Identify the various features of management highlighted in the above paragraph by quoting
    lines form it.

    Ans. The various features of management highlighted in the above paragraph are stated
    below:
    1. Management is all pervasive:
    2. Management is a goal-oriented process:
    3. Management is a continuous process:
    4. Management is a group activity:
    5. Management is an intangible force:

    Q. 17. Real Alliance Ltd. is a well-known cement company in India. It is able to earn
    adequate revenues to cover costs. Its capital base, number of employees and production
    turnover has increased manifolds over the years. The rate of profitability of the business is
    also creditable. The employees of the company are happy and satisfied with their
    remuneration, working conditions, promotion policy etc. as a part of its moral obligation, the
    company has taken many initiatives for providing employment to specially abled persons
    and promoting literacy in the villages adopted by it.
    In the context of the above case:
    1. Identify and explain the various types of objectives of management being fulfilled by
    Real Alliance Ltd by quoting lines from the paragraph.
    2. List any two values that real Alliance Ltd. wants to communicate to the society.

    Ans. The various objectives of management being fulfilled by Real Alliance Ltd are stated
    below:
    1. Organizational objectives:
    1. Survival:
    2. Growth:
    3. Profit:
    1. Personal objectives:
    2. Social objectives:
    3. The two value that Real Alliance Ltd. wants to communicate to the society are:
    1. Social welfare
    2. Respect for their employees

    Q. 18. Esha works as the cost and risk management head of a company in power sector.
    As a result of her excellent managerial competence, the company is able to reduce costs
    and increase productivity. The company belongs to infrastructure sector, where is regular
    amendments are made in the government regulations and policies. She holds regular
    meetings to ensure that people in her department are not only aware of the related changes
    but are also able to adapt to these changes effectively. This helps the company to maintain
    its competitive edge. She motivates and leads her team in such a manner that individual
    members are able to achieve personal goals while contributing to the overall organizational
    objective. In the process of fulfilling her duties for the growth of the organization, she helps
    in providing competitive services, adopting new technology, creating more employment
    opportunities etc. for the greater good of the people at large.
    In context of the above case:
    Identify the various reasons that have made management so important by quoting lines from
    the paragraph.

    Ans. The various reasons mentioned in the above paragraph that have made management
    so important are stated below:
    1. Management increases efficiency as it leads to reduction in costs due to optimum
    utilization of resources.
    “As a result of her excellent managerial competence the company is able to reduce costs
    and increase productivity.”
    1. Management creates a dynamic organization so that it is able to incorporate the
    corresponding changes in its working with any change in its business environment.
    “The company belongs to infrastructure sector, wherein regular amendments are made in
    the government regulations and policies.She holds regular meetings to ensure that people in
    her department are not only aware of the related changes but are also able to adapt to these
    changes effectively.This helps the company to maintain its competitive edge.”
    1. Management helps in achieving personal objectives of the employees in the
    organization.
    “She motivates and leads her team in such a manner that individual members are able to
    achieve personal goals while contributing to the overall organizational objective.”
    1. Management helps in the development of society by contributing effectively towards it
    is multiple ways.
    “In the process of fulfilling her duties for the growth of the organization, she helps in
    providing competitive services, adopting new technology, creating more employment
    opportunities etc. for the greater good of the people at large.

    Q. 19. Ramarjuna joins an IT from as a system analyst after completing his masters in
    Computer Science. As the nature of his work demands he has to work in very close
    coordination with all the departmental head sin the firm, very soon Ramarjuna realizes that
    each departmental head has own individual style of working. They differ greatly in their
    day-to-day approach to work. They tend to deal with a given situation, an issue or a
    problem through a combination of their own experience, creativity, imagination, initiative and
    innovation.
    In the context of the above case:
    Identify and explain the nature of management highlighted in the above case.

    Ans. In the above case, management is being considered as an art.
    Art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results.
    The evaluation of management as an art is given below:
    1. Existence of theoretical knowledge:
    2. Personalized applications:
    3. Based on practice and creativity:

    Q. 20. Dharam is a well-known businessman in the field of publishing. He owes the success
    of his business to his own education in business management and his team of certified
    management consultants. Therefore, he decides to send both his children Danush and
    Damini abroad to acquire a degree in business management in their individual area of
    expertise. He feels that all over the world there is marked growth in management s a
    discipline, but still it is not considered to be a full-fledged profession for certain reasons.
    In the context of the above case:
    1. Explain the reasons because of which Dharam considers management as a
    discipline.
    2. Critically examine the various reasons because of which management is not
    considered to be a full-fledged profession.

    Ans.
    1. Dharam considers management as a discipline because there exist a number of
    theories and principles on management which have been formulated by various
    management experts. It is taught in various schools and colleges, all over the world,
    as a separate subject of study.
    2. Management is not considered to be a full-fledged profession because of the
    following reasons:
    1. Restricted entry:
    2. Professional association:

    Q. 21. Kartik joins a garment factory as a plant supervisor in Lucknow. He observes that the
    output of some workers is very low as compared to the standards set for their performance.
    On analyzing the reasons for the same, he finds out that a lot of time of the workers is
    wasted in getting the requisite materials issued form the store. Whereas on asking, the
    store keeper complains that there is no harmony in the working of the production
    department as a whole. Every day the workers approach him at the least minute to procure
    different kinds of threads, laces, mirrors, buttons etc. if it is not available in the store then he
    has to place an order with the purchase officer. As a result, a lot of time of the workers is
    wasted. So, in order to integrate the various production activities, henceforth, Kartik
    ensures that the store keeper is informed well three days in advance about the requisite
    materials. Consequently, the store keeper is able to keep the materials ready for the
    workers every morning in accordance with their requirements.
    In context of the above case:
    1. Identify and explain the quality of management that Kartik has introduced in the
    working of the production department as a corrective measure to control the output of
    the workers.
    2. State briefly and two points highlighting the importance of quality of management
    identified in part (a).

    Ans.
    1. Coordination is the quality of management that Kartik has introduced in the working
    of the production department as a corrective measure to control the output of the
    workers.
    Coordination is the process which helps to integrate the efforts of different individuals with
    diverse needs to secure a unity of action in the pursuit of common goals.
    1. The two points highlighting the importance of coordination are stated below:
    1. Growth in the size:
    2. Functional differentiation:

    Q. 22. Sridhar’s father is working as a section in-charge in a government office. Identify the
    level of management at which he is working? State any five functions that he has to perform
    at this level.

    Ans. Sridhar’s father is working as a section in-charge in a government office. He is working
    at the lower level of management.
    He has to perform the following functions at this level of management:
    1. He has to directly oversee the efforts of the workforce.
    2. He has to serve as a link between the workers and middle level managers.
    3. He has to ensure sufficient availability of resources and good quality of output.
    4. He has to provide guidance and training to workers.
    5. He has to ensure that good working conditions are provided to the workers.

    Q. 23. Geetika is working in a private sector bank. One of her key function relates to the
    formulation of the overall organizational goals and strategies of the bank. Identify the level
    of management at which she is working? State any three other functions that she has to
    perform at this level.

    Ans. Geetika is working at the top level of management in the private sector bank. The
    three other functions that she has to perform at this level are outlined below:
    1. She is responsible for the success and failure of the organization.
    2. She is responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
    3. She has to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of common
    goals.

    Q. 24. Arundhati has been promoted to the post of Marketing Division Head of a soft drink
    company. Identify the level of management at which she will be working henceforth. State
    any four functions that she will have to perform at this level.

    Ans. Henceforth, Arundhati will be working at middle level of management.
    The four functions that she will have to perform at this level are stated below:
    1. She had to ensure that her department has the necessary staff.
    2. She has to assign duties and responsibilities to the people in her department.
    3. She has to motivate the people in her department to achieve the desired objectives.
    4. She has to co-operate with the other departments for ensuring smooth functioning of
    the organization.

    Q. 25. Bhuvan argues that management is required in all kinds of organizations where as
    Piyush feels that management is not required in non-business organizations such as school,
    club, hospitals, etc. who is correct?

    Ans. Bhuvan, because management is pervasive.

    Q. 26. Mohan has retired from the post of a foreman in a factory. At what level of
    management is he working?
    Ans. Supervisory or operational level.

    Q. 27. ‘Sonu Nigam’ the famous playback singer always spends time for practice and adds
    his creativity in his singing.
    Like Sonu Nigam, Mr. Rajiv, manager of Headlines Ltd. uses his creativity and practice
    management principles under different situations to manage the business. The employees
    are happy and satisfied as he every day reward employees for their punctuality and
    efficiency.
    1. Identify the nature of management highlighted above.
    2. Name other two aspects of nature of management.
    3. Identify the values followed by Mr. Rajiv.

    Ans.
    1. Nature of management highlighted above is “Management as an Art”
    2. The other two aspects of nature of management are:
    1. Management as Science.
    2. Management as Profession.
    1. Values:
    1. Motivating employees for discipline and punctuality.
    2. Good and responsible behavior by rewarding employees.

    Q. 28. Bhuvan Ltd., a garment manufacturing Company set the target production of 100
    garments per month at the estimated cost of Rs. 200 per garment. Mohan, a worker worked
    double shift and manufactured around 150 garments but at the estimated cost of Rs. 230
    per garment. On the other hand, Ravi another worker focus on cost and handled resources
    very carefully so the manufactured 90 garments but at the estimated cost of Rs. 190 per
    garment. Third worker maintained the balance and achieved target of 100 garment at the
    estimated cost of Rs. 200 per garment.
    1. Identify the quality possessed by Ravi, Mohan and what they are lacking.
    2. What quality is possessed by third worker?
    3. Which worker is preferred by management?

    Ans.
    1. Mohan is effective but he lacks efficiency.
    Ravi is efficient but he lacks effectiveness.
    1. Third worker is effective as well as efficient.
    2. Management prefer third worker as management always insist on achievement of
    goal effectively as well as efficiently.

    Q. 29. Management of Alpha Ltd. has installed a special recycling plant to recycle the waste
    instead of dumping the waste in ground. It is also providing employment opportunities to
    local residents. Company started a school nearby for the children of their employees.
    1. Identify the objectives company is fulfilling.
    2. (ii) Quote the lines from above para which indicate those objective.

    Ans.
    1. Social and personal objectives
    “Installed a recycle plant”:Social objective.
    1. “Started a school for children of their employees”. Personal objectives.

    Q. 30. Directors of Bhuvan Ltd. assigned the task of implementing the plans and policies
    framed by the board to all the departmental heads. Departmental head appointed
    supervisors, superintendent, executives, etc. so that work can be assigned to workers as
    per the plan supervisors kept a check on workers as per the plan.
    1. Identify the feature of management highlighted in above para.
    2. Explain that feature.

    Ans. 1. The feature highlighted in above para is “management is a group activity.”

    Q. 31. Alpha Ltd. is a Company that manufacturers mobile phones and accessories. Its
    profits are declining nowadays. The sales department blames production department for
    low quality, the production department blames purchase department for not supplying good
    quality parts.
    1. What quality of management is lacking in the above case?
    2. Explain the nature of the concept.
    Ans. (a) Coordination.
    Q. 32. A group of people believes that management is a systematic body of knowledge that
    explain certain general truth and is based on logical observation.
    ● Identify and explain the nature of management discussed in above case.

    Ans. Management as a Science.

    Q. 33. Unique enterprises is able to achieve the target production of 5,000 units within the
    prescribed time; however to achieve this target they hired extra workers on adhoc and spent
    around is 40,000 extra to pay the adhoc workers sot that target production can be achieved
    on time.
    1. Do you think unique enterprise is effective or efficient?
    2. Was their decision to hire adhoc workers to achieve the target was correct?
    3. Explain the concept of management highlighted above.

    Ans.
    1. Unique enterprise is effective but not efficient.
    2. No, the decision to hire adhoc workers and spending extra is not correct, this will
    reduce the efficiency of enterprise.
    3. The concept referred in this case is “Balance between effectiveness and efficiency.”

    Q. 34. In an organization sales department wants to increase the sale by 20% so sales
    department planned to offer extra discounts to customers. Finance department raised
    objection on it as they sat it will result in loss of revenue and company may face liquidity
    problem.
    1. Name the importance of coordination referred here.
    2. State other two importance of coordination.

    Ans.
    1. “Functional differentiation”
    2. Other two importance:
    1. Size (b) Specialization.

    Q. 35. Mr. Rajiv and Arun are responsible for welfare of the whole organization. Their job is
    very complex they have to develop long term objectives, policies and review the work of
    different heads at different level. Mr. John and Mr. Singh are responsible for the working of
    department they are heading, they formulate short term departmental objectives in
    accordance with organizational objectives.
    Mr. Philip, Mrs. Archana, Mrs. Kamlesh and Mrs. Kavita are in direct contact with the
    workforce consisting of various employees and workers. They are responsible for quality of
    work and providing good working conditions to workers.
    1. State the three level of management.
    2. Name the persons who are involved in different level from the above para.

    Ans.
    1. Top level, middle level, supervisory level.
    2. Top level – Mr. Rajiv and Arun
    Middle level – Mr. John and Singh
    Supervisory level – Mr. Philip, Mrs. Archana, Kamlesh and Kavita.

    Q. 36. The manager of Alpha Ltd. is very efficient and effective and makes sure all the
    employees and workers in his team perform the task on time with minimum cost. His main
    focus is on cost cutting so he never listens to the demand of workers for increasing wages.
    He even gives no opportunity to worker for promotion. As a result workers started becoming
    frustrated and disheartened all the time.
    1. Which objective of management could not be achieved by the manager.
    2. State other two objectives of management.
    3. State any one value ignored by the manager.

    Ans.
    1. Personal/Human or individual objective.
    2. (i) Economic 9iik) Social
    3. Value of humanity, Care.

    Q. 37. The management of Amaira Ltd. strongly believes that the members of the
    organization should work toward fulfilled the common organizational goals. This requires
    team work and integration of efforts of all individuals departments and specialists. This is
    because all the individuals and departments depend on each other for information and
    resources to perform their respective activities. Manager needs to reconcile differences in
    approach, timing, efforts and interest. At the same time it should enable all its members to
    grow and develop. Thus, there is a need to harmonize individual goals and organizational
    goals.
    1. Stat the concept of management discussed above.
    2. State any three features of the concept identified in above para.
    3. State value referred in above para.

    Ans.
    1. Coordination.
    2. Give features of coordination.
    3. Value of Harmony between employees and management.

    Q. 38. Mega Ltd. manufactured water-heaters. In the first year of its operations, the revenue
    earned by the company was just sufficient to meet its cost. To increase the revenue, the
    company analysed the reasons behind the less revenues. After analysis, the company
    decided:
    ● To reduce the labour cost by shifting the manufacturing unit to a backward area
    where labour was available at a very low rate.
    ● To start manufacturing solar water-heaters and reduce the production of electric
    water-heaters slowly.
    This will not only help in covering the risks but also help in meting other objectives.
    1. Identify and explain the objectives of management discussed above.
    2. State any two values which the company wanted to communicate to society.

    Ans.
    1. The objectives of management discussed above are:
    1. Organizational objectives:
    2. Social Objectives:
    1. The two values that the company wanted to communicate to the society are:
    1. Rural development
    2. Environment sustainability

    Q. 39. Ritu is the manager of the northern division of a large corporate house. At what level
    does she work in the organization? What are he basic functions?

    Ans. Ritue / grandfather / Deepak’s father / Deeraj / Rajat, all of them are working at the
    middle level of management.

    Q. 40. Mr. Nitin Singhania’s father has a good business of iron and steel. He wants to go to
    the USA for his MBA but his father thinks that he should join the business. On the basis of
    emerging trends, do you think that Mr. Singhania should send his son to the USA? Give any
    three reasons in support of your answer.

    Ans. Yes, according to me, Mr. Singhania should send his son to USA for his MBA because
    management is being recognized as a profession to a great extent because of the following
    reasons:
    1. Well defined body of knowledge:
    2. Ethical code of conduct:
    3. Service motive:

    Q41. Jayant is working as Head Relationship Manager in the wealth management division of
    a private sector bank. He has created an internal environment which is conducive to an
    effective and efficient performance of his team of ten relationship management executives.
    A typical day at work in Jayant’s life consists of a series of interrelated and continuous
    functions. He decides the targets for his department which are in line with the objectives of
    the organizaitonas a whole. The future course of action for his team members is laid out
    well in advance. The various resources required by the relationship managers like an Paid
    with GPS system, account opening forms, brochures, details of account holders etc. are
    made readily available to them. The executives are given sufficient authority to carry out the
    work assigned to them. Jayant works in close coordination with the human Resource
    Manager in order to ensure that he is able to create and maintain a satisfactory and satisfied
    work force in his department. Through constant guidance and motivation, Jayant inspires
    them to realize their full potential. He offers them various types of incentives from time to
    time keeping in view their diverse individual needs. Moreover, he keeps a close watch on
    their individual performances in order to ensure that they are in accordance with the
    standards set and takes corrective actions whenever needed.
    In context of the above case:
    1. Identify the concept being referred to in the following line, “He created an internal
    environment which is conducive to an effective and efficient performance of his team
    of ten relationship management executives.”
    2. Identify and describe the various functions of the concept as identified in part (a) of
    the question by quoting liens from the paragraph.

    Ans.
    1. The concept of management is being referred to in the following line, “He has created
    an internal environment which is conducive to an effective and efficient performance
    of his team of ten relationship management executives.”
    2. The various functions of the management concept mentioned in the above paragraph
    are listed below:
    1. Planning:
    2. Organizing:
    3. Staffing:
    4. Directing:
    5. Controlling:

    Q. 42. Ajay and Sanjay are childhood friends. Sanjay had lost his right hand in an accident
    in childhood. They meet after a long time in a restaurant. On being asked, Sanjay tells Ajay
    that he feels very discounted in managing his family business after the death of his father as
    it doesn’t match with his areas of interest. Ajay knows that Sanjay possess extraordinary
    skills in management although he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in management.
    Therefore, he asks Sanjay to wind up his business in India and join him in his hotel business
    in Dubai as an Assistant Manager in Sales and Marketing Division.
    In context of the above case:
    1. Can Sanjay be deployed at the post of Assistant Manager in Sales and Marketing
    Division though he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in management? Explain
    by giving suitable justifications in support of your answer.
    2. List any two values that are reflected in this act of Ajay.

    Ans.
    1. Yes, Sanjay can be deployed at the post of Assistant Manager in Sales and
    Marketing Division although he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in
    management as management is not considered to be a full-fledged profession
    because of the following reasons:
    1. Restricted entry:
    2. Professional association:
    1. The two values that are reflected in this act of Ajay are:
    1. Compassion
    2. Responsibility.

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    Born with a teacher's heart, learning and teaching are her bloodlines. she loves to learn and likes to teach. She is equally passionate about creating a learned and qualified next generation for her nation. She aims to reach out all who need help or are in doubt. She enjoys discussing the intricacies of her subject and turning them into lucid terms for all to understand in an easy and phased manner with a joyful experience.